GROWING UP
Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, known as B-P, was born at 6
Stanhope Street (now 11, Stanhope Terrace) Paddington, London on 22nd
February 1857. He was the sixth son and the eighth of ten children of
the Reverend Baden Powell, a Professor at Oxford University.
His father died when B-P was only three years old and the family were left none too well off.
His father died when B-P was only three years old and the family were left none too well off.
B-P was given his first lessons by his mother and later attended Rose
Hill School, Tunbridge Wells, where he gained a scholarship for
admittance to Charterhouse School. Charterhouse School was in London
when B-P first attended but whilst he was there it moved to Godalming in
Surrey, a factor which had great influence later in his life. He was
always eager to learn new skills and played the piano and the violin.
While at Charterhouse he began to exploit his interest in the arts of
scouting and woodcraft.
In the woods around the school B-P would hide from his masters as
well as catch and cook rabbits, being careful not to let tell-tale smoke
give his position away. The holidays were not wasted either. With his
brothers he was always in search of adventure. One holiday they made a
yachting expedition round the south coast of England. On another, they
traced the Thames to its source by canoe. Through all this Baden-Powell
was learning the arts and crafts which were to prove so useful to him
professionally.
Not known for his high marks at school, B-P nevertheless took an
examination for the Army and placed second among several hundred
applicants. He was commissioned straight into the 13th Hussars,
bypassing the officer training establishments. Later he became their
Honorary Colonel.
MILITARY LIFE
In 1876 he went to India as a young army officer and specialised in
scouting, map-making and reconnaissance. His success soon led to his
training other soldiers. B-P's methods were unorthodox for those days;
small units or patrols working together under one leader, with special
recognition for those who did well. For proficiency, B-P awarded his
trainees badges resembling the traditional design of the north compass
point. Today's universal Scout badge is very similar.
Later he was stationed in the Balkans, South Africa and Malta. He
returned to Africa to help defend Mafeking during its 217-day siege at
the start of the Boer war. It provided crucial tests for B-P's scouting
skills. The courage and resourcefulness shown by the boys in the corps
of messengers at Mafeking made a lasting impression on him. In turn, his
deeds made a lasting impression in England.
Returning home in 1903 he found that he had become a national hero.
He also found that the small handbook he had written for soldiers ("Aids
to Scouting") was being used by youth leaders and teachers all over the
country to teach observation and woodcraft.
He spoke at meetings and rallies and whilst at a Boys' Brigade
gathering he was asked by its Founder, Sir William Smith, to work out a
scheme for giving greater variety in the training of boys in good
citizenship.
BEGINNINGS OF THE MOVEMENT
B-P set to work rewriting "Aids to Scouting", this time for a younger
audience. In 1907 he held an experimental camp on Brownsea Island,
Poole, Dorset, to try out his ideas. He brought together 22 boys, some
from private schools and some from working class homes, and took them
camping under his leadership. The whole world now knows the results of
that camp.
"Scouting for Boys" was published in 1908 in six fortnightly parts.
Sales of the book were tremendous. Boys formed themselves into Scout
Patrols to try out ideas. What had been intended as a training aid for
existing organisations became the handbook of a new and ultimately
worldwide Movement. B-P's great understanding of boys obviously touched
something fundamental in the youth of England and worldwide. "Scouting
for Boys" has since been translated into more than 35 languages.
Without fuss, without ceremony and completely spontaneously, boys
began to form Scout Troops all over the country. In September 1908
Baden-Powell had set up an office to deal with the large number of
enquiries which were pouring in.
Scouting spread quickly throughout the British Empire and to other
countries until it was established in practically all parts of the
world.
He retired from the army in 1910, at the age of 53, on the advice of
King Edward VII who suggested that he could now do more valuable service
for his country within the Scout Movement.
With all his enthusiasm and energy were now directed to the
development of Boy Scouting and Girl Guiding, he travelled to all parts
of the world, wherever he was most needed, to encourage growth and give
inspiration.
In 1912 he married Olave Soames who was his constant help and
companion in all this work. They had three children (Peter, Heather and
Betty). Lady Olave Baden-Powell was later known as World Chief Guide.
CHIEF SCOUT OF THE WORLD
The first international Scout Jamboree took place at Olympia, London
in 1920. At its closing scene B-P was unanimously acclaimed as Chief
Scout of the World.
At the third World Jamboree, held in Arrowe Park, Birkenhead,
England, the Prince of Wales announced that B-P would be given Peerage
by H.M. the King. The news was received with great rejoicing. B-P took
the title of Lord Baden-Powell of Gilwell; Gilwell Park being the
international training centre he had created for Scout leaders.
B-P wrote no fewer than 32 books. He received honorary degrees from
at least six Universities. In addition, 28 foreign orders and
decorations and 19 foreign Scout awards were bestowed upon him.
In 1938, suffering from ill-health, B-P returned to Africa, which had
meant so much in his life, to live in semi-retirement at Nyeri, Kenya.
Even there he found it difficult to curb his energies, and he continued
to produce books and sketches.
On January 8th, 1941, at 83 years of age, B-P died. He was buried in a
simple grave at Nyeri within sight of Mount Kenya. On his head-stone
are the words "Robert Baden-Powell, Chief Scout of the World" surmounted
by the Boy Scout and Girl Guide Badges. Lady Olave Baden-Powell carried
on his work, promoting Scouting and Girl Guiding around the world until
her death in 1977. She is buried alongside Lord Baden-Powell at Nyeri.
